Photographic shutter



y 18, 1943" A. SIMMON' ETAL v 2,441,675

PHOTOGRAPHIC SHUTTER Alfred fiimman Lou/s L. We/sg/ass INVENTORS ATTORNEY.

y 8, 1948. A. SIMMON EI'AL 2,441,675

PHOTOGRAPHIC SHUTTER Filed March 17, 1945 5 Sheets-Shet 2 Alfred 51711117011 Lou/5 L. We/s g/ass INVENTORS WWW MW.

ATTORNEY y 1948. A. SIMMON ETAL I 2,441,675

PHOTOGRAPHIG SHUTTER Filed March 17, 1945 5 hee sheet 3 Alfred Sim/non Lou/s L. Wwsg/ass IN V EN TORS Mam 1 A T RNEK A. SIMMON ET AL PHOTOGRAFHIC SHUTTER Filed March 17 1945 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Fig.4

Alfred Sim/non Lou/.5 L. We/sg/ass INVENTORS /Mm; Maw

Patented May 18, 1948 P1101 SHUTTER flfredtasinmonwlackson lieizhtss.-andgl onie t-lgn Y., assignors, by direct 1:2 Theeobjeeti. f? thistmv ntienz an; mmrpvedi photographic lens shutter, especiau ther-1: kinda. whielnhasz its; li ht;amnittmatelementa;arran ed her tweemethez- CIQmBmSe-Oif a: pheteg'rmmc lensgzon1mmedi&te1y;- n --frenttcm ehindzthis -tlens t as; distin uiahedtitomt. 3.1 eumaina, rinoab plane) t, fifiambliest;nespectivelyg ach ;mntor; cgmpnsm i tasprin azandi a fly wheelzactueted b release thfiei twe mutant units;;-simmtaneous1y.: Heretoiore: either one: conuntmz. springs: actuated: two cams which rotated in unisonxomacommonr. shaitzandwhich:Qnened:qneiandatheneaitenelosed t etime: n-tew ur nge:which: t: t y p n e; propor ion f: 12 7051 orhe in t ens n;

would have to be changed in the pmpgrtiomof; 1 :-199.-:.-. his;- is; man festl possible i s= he eet- 1m. can be;u ized--is ,ayvariaticn of he; spring tension of not more than-1 :2! Withta dif;

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401;. theseunitsxcomprises a; flywheel: in the :form. of

a 1:otattablt supported:ring-sunrounding the:shutterbladesr. This-flywheel is equipped with in ternar projections adapted to actuate the pivotecl; shutter blades, Abrake oi novel design isjnqor- J or siwm; o d t sum th mQ Q of this fl whe lv witheut neh undy A 3 119. 1 nQveL f,a1 ur,e,s will; 'ecpm appar nt inthevfql ciw ng specifica on in Whic ypic leryggcr shuttenmbodyine hepnm mes i the; i v ntion;

is described, illustrated in; the; accomga nyin drawin s n whi h Eig l is a f lzqntmiew; oi the shutterebef-ore ex; DQ51 3 2- Fig. 2 is a front view of the shutter after 3 exposure, the release mechanism being shown as still in the depressed position;

Fig. 3 is a rear view of the shutter before posure;

Fig. 4 is a rear view of the shutter after an exposure, also with the release mechanism "still depressed;

Fig. 5 is a cross-section along the line of plane 5-5 as indicated in Fig. 1, the lens elements and the film plane being shown diagrammatically in dotted lines;

Fig. 6 is a side view showing the timing cam in elevation; and

Fig. 7 shows the interlock between the two motor elements, i. e., a section along the line of plane in Fig. 1.

In the interest of clearness, only those parts of the shutter have been shown which are essential for the understanding of the principle of the invention. We have, therefore, omitted to show a housing, or means to mount the optical elements of the lens, or other parts of the camera which do not form part of this invention, since these elements are well known and since showing them in great detail would detract from the clarity of the description.

Like characters of reference denote similarparts throughout the several views and the following specification.

All shutter parts are mounted on a base plate 20 which is preferably manufactured from aluminum or magnesium or some other suitable light weight material. comprising a number of pivoted shutter blades and a motor unit to actuate these shutter blades is mounted in front of this base plate and a similar but normally open shutter comprising again a number of pivoted shutter blades and a motor unit to actuate them is mounted in the rear of said plate.

The shutterblades mounted in base plate which are normallyin closed. position are 2|, 22, 23 and 24 and they are mounted ro- A normally closed shutter front of thetatably on pivots 25, 26, 21 and 28, respectively.

Each shutter blade comprises a blade proper made from very thin sheet material, usually blue tempered spring steel of a thickness of .002" to .004". Fastened to each blade is a reinforcing piece 29, 39, 3| and 32, respectively. These reinforcing pieces are fastened to the blades by suitable means such as rivetingor spot welding. The top view of these reinforcing pieces can be seen in Fig. l and their side view is visible in Fig. 5. For reasons which will become apparent later, it is desirable that the center of gravityof each blade coincide with the pivot, and, in order to accomplish that, small circular balancing weights are fastened to the blade at a suitable distance from the pivot. These balancing weights are called 33, 34, 35 and 36. The movement of each blade is restricted by suitable stops which are fastened to the base plate; for example, the movement of blade 24 is restricted by stops 31 and 33.

Attention is called to the fact that in this shutter we have dispensed with the conventional blade actuating ring which usually connects all blades of one set so that they can be opened or closed in unison. While it is true that a blade actuating ring of this character usually adds no more than about 15% to the momentum of inertia of the system, its elimination is, nevertheless, desirable since its movement is usually afflicted with a great deal of unpredictable friction.

The four blades 2|, 22, 23 and 24 are actuated by a motor unit which comprises a spring, a lever actuated by this spring, a flywheel and a connecting rod connecting the flywheel with the above mentioned lever. In Fig. l, is shown a spring 59 which actuates :a lever 5| which is pivoted on a shaft 52. A connecting rod 53 connects lever 5| to flywheel 54. Flywheel 54 is rotatably supported by three small rollers 55. The flywheel consists of a ring with four internal projections 56, 51, 58 and 59. These internal projections come in contact with the reinforcing pieces of the shutter blades as will be explained later in detail.

The lever 5| is ordinarily restrained by a latch 60 which rotates on a pivot 6| and is biased by a spring 62 and actuated by a pin 63. Pin 63 is mounted on a release lever I33 which will be described later and which also actuates a safety cover I30 to the rear of the camera lens. A slot 64 is provided in the base plate permitting the movement of pin 63.

One of the most diflicult problems in the design of high speed shutters is the prevention of oscillations or the prevention of a rebound of the motor element after it finishes its stroke. In this instance, it is accomplished by a brake which comprises a brake shoe 10 mounted on lever 5|. This brake shoe has a lining H, is preferably manufactured from aicompressible material, Which, however, must have the property-to recover its original shape slowly after the pressure has been removed. Such materials, are, for example, cork or leather. After the release of latch 80, lever 5! will rotate around pivot 52 until the brake shoe 10 comes in contact with the flywheel 54. If these parts are'properly proportioned, this brake will eliminate any rebound of the motor unit. The position of all parts just described, after the exposure has taken place, can be seen in Fig. 2. The release lever and the associated pin 63 as well as the latch 60 are still shown in the depressed position.

A substantially identical shutter is mounted on the rear of base plate 20 and is shown in Fig. 3.

We have again four pivoted shutter blades 80, 8|, 82 and 83 with reinforcing pieces 84, 85, 86 and 87. These blades rotateon pivots-88, 89, 90 and 9|, respectively, and their movement is again restricted by stop pins. For example, the movement of blade 8| is restricted by stop pins 92 and 93. These blades are normally open and are closed during the exposure producing movement of the motor unit, as distinguished from the corresponding blades 2|, 22, 23 and 24 of the front shutter which are normally closed and opened during the exposure producing movement of the motor unit. The motor unit is very similar to the one. of the first described or front shutter and consists of a spring 95 and a lever 96, a connecting rod 91, and. a flywheel 98. Flywheel-98 is rotatably supported by three small rollers 99, and is again equipped with internal projections I40, |4|, I42 and I43 in exactly the same manner as the corresponding flywheel 54 of the front shutter. The lever 96 is restrained not by a latch as the corresponding lever 5| of the front shutter, but by a pin I02 which cooperates wth a similar pin I03 which is fastened to the lever 5| ofthe front shutter. A slot I04 is provided in the base plate 20 permitting the two pins I02 and 03 to com in contact. The function of these pins which, in effect, interlock the two shutters can be clearly seen in Fig. 7 which is a cross-section along the plane of line '|l as indicated in Fig, 1. By

5. means of these pins, the rear shutter is released at the same time as the trout shutter.

A brake'shoe I105 is mounted on lever 96. This brake shoecomes in. contact with flywheel lever III! which can rotate on the pivot II I. The

other end of lever H is equipped with a roller I I2 which is in contact with aspiral shaped cam I13. This spiral shaped cam can be rotated. by means of a knurled knob I I4. This cam assembly may be lrotatably supported in any convenient manner and we have shown a shaft. I15, and a supporting block IIIi. All parts associated with this cam can be bestv seen in Fig.v 6.. In Fig. 3 the. spring assembly is. shown at the position of the smallest. spring tension in solid lines and the position of lever III) at. the position of highest spring tension is shown in dotted lines.

Resetting of the shutter after an exposure can be accomplished simply by pushinglever 5I from the position shown in Fig. 2 backinto the position shown in Fig, 1. This will not only reset the front shutter, but due to the interlocking pins I02 and I03, will also reset lever 96 and therewith the rear shutter. The return of lever 5I into its original position can be done in many ways and we are showing merelyone which is typical. We have a rod I28 which slides in two bearings I2I and I22. On one end of this rod I isa button I23 and on the other end a p ece I24. The entire assembly is biased by a spring I25 and ordinarily held in the position shown in Fig, 1 in solidlines. After the exposure the operator pushes button I23 in the direction of the arrow, i. e.,. towards the right, so that piece I24 occupies the position I24 shown in Fig. 1 in dotted lines. Piece I24 comes in contact with the head of the shoulder screw I26 which connects the connecting rod 53 to the lever 5| and it will be clear that, if button 123 is. pushed towards the right, lever SI is restored from the position shown in Fig; 2 to the original position. of Fig. 1. While this movement is perfectly satisfactory, it can in practice he modified in many ways and it may in particular be desirable to actuate this resetting device notmanually,-but for example, by a cam or the like which is synchronized with the film advancing means of the camera. Devices of this type are well known in the artand are, therefore, not shown here,

A. difficulty arises during the resetting of the shutter because the rear shutter is reset from a closed to an open position at the. same time during which the front shutter is reset from an open to a closed position so that for a short time the shutterv again Will admit light into the camera. On shutters of this type, i; e., on shutters which, have a first normally closed blade assembly which is opened during the exposure producing movement and a second normally open blade assembly'which is. closed: during the exposure producing movement, Very ingenious means have been suggested to prevent thissecond exposure during resetting. These means usually comprise interlocks which assure the reclosing of the normally closed front shutter before the reopening of the normally open rear shutter. However, these devices are not applicablein this instance due tothe interloclebetween levers 96, and 5|. This interlock,

however, cannot be.v dispensed with. since .the si:-'

multaneous: release of both shutters could other wisenot be accomplished. v

' To overcome this difiiculty, we'resort to a safety cover behind the lens which is directly connected to the release lever. ihis safety cover can be seen in Figs. 3 and 4 nd also in Fig. 5. It consists essentially of a pivoted cover blade I30 which swivels around a pivot I3I and which is connected by means of a connecting rod I32 to the release lever I33. This release lever is biased by a spring I34 and also carries pin 63 which was mentioned above and which is adapted to come in contact through slot 64 with latch 66 of the front shutter assembly. A baffle I is arranged between the base plate 20 and the safety cover blade I30. The purpose of this battle is to exclude any side light which may pass the lens and by reflection work its way around the safety cover into the interior of the camera. This baffle is shown in dotted lines in Fig. 5.

Fig. 4a shows all parts of the rear shutter in the position which they occupy immediately after an exposure, while release lever I33 with the associated safety cover I30 and with latch '50 of the front shutter is still being depressed by the operator.

From this description the working function of the shutter and thecoaction of the various parts in Fig. 1 and the rear shutter is in the position shown in Fig. 3. To initiate an exposure, the operator depresses release lever I33. The movement of this lever is transmitted through connecting rod I32 to the safety cover I3!) which rotates around pivot I3I in a clockwise direction thereby uncovering the aperture in the center of the base plate 20 which, however, is as yet closed by the blades of the front shutter. Almost at the end of its stroke, i. e., when the safety cover is almost in the position shown in Fig. l, pin 63 which is associated with release lever I33 comes in contact through slot 64 of the base plate with the latch of the front shutter, thereby moving it from the position shown in- Fig. 1 into the position shown in Fig. 2. This, in turn, releases spring biased lever 5| of the front shutter which now moves towards the left as shown in Fig. 1, and it also permits lever of the rear shutter to start its-movement since now pin I52 which is mounted to lever 96 is no longer restrained by pin I03 which is mounted on lever 5I, see Fig. '7. The spring tension of spring 95 of the rear shutter is always less than the tension of spring 50 0f the front shutter, this degree of lesser tension depending upon the position of lever II!) as controlled by cam H3. Consequently, lever 96 will move with less speed than lever 5| and a gap of increasing width will appear between pins I03 and I02 during the movement of both levers. The faster moving lever 5| will come to a stop first, when brake Ill hits flywheel 54. This position is shown in Fig. 2. 'At this time lever 98 of" the rear shutter has not yet completed its stroke and it will con tinue to move for. a short period of time until, in turn, its brake shoe the comes in contact with flywheel 98 whereupon the rear shutter will also come to astandstill.

With reference to Fig. 1, before the exposure the reinforcing piece 30 of blade 24 is restricted on one side by stop pin 31 and on the other side by projection 56 of flywheel 54. All other blades of this assembly are similarly looked as shown in Fig. 1. In an identical manner the blades of the normally open rear shutter are locked in open position, for example, the reinforcing piece 85 of blade 8| is confined on one side by stop pin 92 and on the other side by internal projection I4I of flywheel 98, Fig. 3.

Upon release of lever I, flywheel 54 begins to rotate in a counter-clockwise position whereupon its internal projections lose contact with the corresponding reinforcing pieces of the four shutter blades. The four blades will then, for a certain interval of time, not be restricted in their rotary movement by contact with any of the other shutter parts. They are prevented from performing movements of their own merely by the fact that the center of gravity coincides with the pivot, the blades being balanced by means of the small counterweights 33 as explained above. Obviously, if the center of gravity of each blade coincides with the pivot there will be no tendency of the blade to rotate in one direction or .the other. This tendency of the blades to remain in their position will be somewhat augmented by the small amount of friction which is always present in any bearing.

After the flywheel has rotated substantially 90, each of the four projections again makes contact with one of the four blades, but not with the same one it was in contact with before the exposure. For example, the projection 56 which was in contact with reinforcing piece 30 of blade 24 now comes in contact with reinforcing piece 29 of blade 2|. Since the momentum of inertia of the flywheel is many times as large as the momentum of inertia of the four blades, it is only slowed down slightly by contact with the blades. It continues its travel for another small angle, approximately thereby opening all four blades in unison, i. e., shifting them from the position in Fig. 1 to the position in Fig. 2. It can be seen that now, for example, blade 2|, or more particularly, its reinforcing piece 29 is held securely in its open position between projection 56 of the flywheel and stop pin 40.

Exactly in the same manner the normally open blades of the rear shutter are closed at the end of the rotary movement of the rear flywheel 98. With reference to Fig. 3, after the release of lever 96,-flywheel 98 travels in a clockwise direction, when looking at the rear of the shutter, until after a travel of approximately 90, for example, the internal projection MI, which in Fig. 3 holds blade 8| open, comes in contact with reinforcing piece 86 of blade 82 and closes it. All other blades of that rear shutter are similarly locked after the exposure between their respective stop pins and the internal projections of flywheel 98, as shown in Fig. 4.

After the exposure, the operator relinquishes its hold on release lever I33 which, biased by spring 34, now returns into its original position shown in Fig. 3. This, in turn, causes safety cover I30 to return into its position immediately behind the lens, thereby blocking any light tending to pass the shutter aperture.

Due to the presence of this safety cover behind the lens, the front as well as the rear shutter can now be reset simultaneously by pushing button I23 towards the left, Fig. 3. This moves rod I20 with the associated piece I24 to the left, thereby resetting lever 96 and, through the action ofinterlock pins I02 and I03, also resetting lever 5| until it snaps into the original position of Fig. 1 where it is restrained again by latch 80. During this movement the rear shutter will open again and the front shutter will close again and these two movements will take place at the same time so that for a short period of time light could pass the shutter if it were not for the presence of the safety cover I30 which is provided precisely for the purpose of preventing this.

It is understood that various changes in form, proportions and minor details of construction may be resorted to without departin from the principles or sacrificing any of the advantages of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

What we claim as new, is:

1. A photographic shutter comprising a supporting structure, a normally closed blade assembly including a plurality of pivoted blades, a normally open blade assembly including a plurality of pivoted blades, a motor unit for each assembly, each unit including a flywheel, a spring adapted to drive said flywheel, means to tension said spring, and means to hold said sprin releasably under tension, means to release the springs of both said motor units simultaneously, means in one of said units adapted, upon release of its spring, to open after a predetermined time lag said normally closed assembly, means in the other of said units adapted, upon release of its spring, to close after another predetermined but longer time lag said normally open assembly, and means to adjust the time lag of at least one of said motor units.

2. A photographic shutter comprising a supporting structure with a light admitting aperture, a normally closed blade assembly includin a plurality of pivoted blades, a. normally open blade assembly including a plurality of pivoted blades, a motor unit for each assembly, each unit including a flywheel consisting of a rotatably supported ring having internal projections, said ring being concentric with said aperture and surrounding the shutter blades, each of said projections adapted to actuate one of said blades, a spring adapted to drive said flywheel, means to tension said spring, and means to hold said spring releasably under tension, means to release the springs of both said motor units simultaneously, means in one of said units adapted, upon release of its spring, to open after a predetermined time lag said normally closed assembly, means in the other of said units adapted, upon release of its spring, to close after another predetermined but longer time lag said normally open assembly, and means to adjust the time lag of at least one of said motor units.

3. A photographic shutter comprising a. supporting structure with a light admitting aperture, a normally closed blade assembly including a plurality of pivoted blades, a normally open blade assembly including a plurality of pivoted blades, each blade in both said assemblies being balanced so that its center of gravity coincides with its pivot point, a motor unit for each assembly, each unit including a flywheel consisting of a rotatably supported ring having internal projections, said ring being concentric with said aperture and surrounding the shutter blades, each of said projections adapted to actuate one of said blades, a spring adapted to drive said flywheel, means to tension said spring, and means to hold said spring releasably under tension, means to release the springs of both said motor units simultaneously, means in one of said units adapted, upon release of its spring, to open after a predetermined time lag said normally closed assembly, means in the other of said units adapted, upon release of its spring, to close after another predetermined but longer time lag said normally open assembly, and means to adjust the time lag of at least one of said motor units.

4. A photographic shutter comprising a supporting structure, a normally closed blade assembly including a plurality of pivoted blades, a normally open blade assembly including a pinrality of pivoted blades, a motor unit for each assembly, each unit including a flywheel, a lever, a connecting rod between said lever and flywheel, a spring adapted to drive said lever, means to tension said spring, means to hold said spring releasably under tension, means to release the springs of both said motor units simultaneously, means in one of said units adapted, upon release of its spring, to open after a predetermined time lag said normally closed assembly, means in the other of said units adapted, upon release of its spring, to close after another predetermined but longer time lag said normally open assembly, and means to adjust the time lag of at least one of said motor units.

5. A photographic shutter comprising a supporting structure, a normally closed blade assembly including a plurality of pivoted blades, a normally open blade assembly including a plurality of pivoted blades, a motor unit for each assembly, each unit including a rotatably supported flywheel, a lever, a connecting rod between said lever and flywheel, a spring adapted to drive said lever, means to tension said spring, means to hold said spring releasably under tension, means to release the springs of both said motor units simultaneously, a brake shoe mounted on said lever adapted to contact the periphery of said flywheel at the end of movement of the motor unit to stop its motion without rebound, means in one of said units adapted, upon release of its spring, to open after a predetermined time lag said normally closed assembly, means in the other of said units adapted, upon release of its spring, to close after another predetermined but longer time lag said normally open assembly, and means to adjust the time lag of at least one of said motor units.

6. A photographic shutter comprising a supporting structure, a normally closed blade assembly including a plurality of pivoted blades, a normally open blade assembly including a plurality of pivoted blades, a motor unit for each assembly, each unit having moving elements including a flywheel, a spring adapted to drive said flywheel, means to tension said spring, and means to hold said spring releasably under tension, means to release both said motor units simul taneously, means in one of said units adapted, upon release of its spring, to open after a predetermined time lag said normally closed assembly, means in the other of said units adapted, upon release of its spring, to close after another predetermined but longer time lag said normally open assembly, and means to adjust the time lag of at least one of said motor units, said means to release both motor units simultaneously comprising a latch restraining one of the elements of one unit and a projection on one of the elements of the same unit restraining a corresponding element of said other unit.

7. A photographic shutter comprising a supporting structure, a normally closed blade as sembly including a plurality of pivoted blades, a normally open blade assembly including a plurality of pivoted blades, a motor unit for each assembly, each unit including a rotatably supported flywheel, a lever, a connecting rod between said lever and flywheel, a spring adapted to drive said lever, means to tension said spring, and means to hold said spring releasably under tension, means to release both said motor units simultaneously, means in one of said units adapted, upon release of its spring, to open after a predetermined time lag said normally closed assembly, means in the other of said units adapted, upon release of its spring, to close after another predetermined but longer time lag said normally open assembly, and means to adjust the time lag of at least one of said motor units, said means to release both motor units simultaneously comprising a latch restraining the lever of one of the units and a projection on said lever restraining the lever of said other unit.

8. A'photographic shutter comprising a supporting structure, a normally closed blade assembly including a plurality of pivoted blades, a normally open'blade assembly including a plurality of pivoted blades, a motor unit for each assembly, each unit including a flywheel, a spring adapted to drive said flywheel, means to tension said spring, and means to hold said spring releasably under tension, means to release the springs of both said motor units simultaneously, means in one of said units adapted, upon release of its spring, to open after a predetermined time lag said normally closed assembly, means in the other of said units adapted, upon release of its spring, to close after another predetermined but longer time lag said normally open assembly, and means to adjust the time lag of said other unit by varying the tension of its spring, while the spring tension of the first mentioned unit is being kept constant.

9. A photographic shutter comprising a supporting structure, a normally closed blade assembly including a plurality of pivoted blades, a normally open blade assembly including a plurality of pivoted blades, a motor unit for each assembly, each unit including is, rotatably supported flywheel, a lever, a connecting rod between said lever and flywheel, a spring adapted to drive said lever, means to tension said spring, means to hold said spring releasably under tension, and a brake shoe mounted on said lever adapted to contact said flywheel at the end of the movement of the motor unit to stop its motion without rebound, means to release both said motor units simultaneously, means in on of said units adapted, upon release of its spring, to open after a predetermined time lag said normally closed assembly, means in the other of said units adapted, upon release of its spring, to close after another predetermined but longer time lag said normally open assembly, and means to adjust the time lag of at least one of said motor units, said means to release both motor units simultaneously comprising a latch restraining the lever of one of the units and a projection on said lever restraining the lever of said other unit.

10. A photographic shutter comprising a supporting structure with a light admitting aperture, a normally closed blade assembly including a plurality of pivoted blades, a normally open blade assembly including a plurality of pivoted blades, 2, motor unit for each assembly, each unit including a flywheel consisting of a rotatably supported ring having internal projections, said ring being concentric with said aperture and surrounding the shutter blades, each of said projections adapted to actuate one of said blades, a lever, a connecting rod between said lever and flywheel, a spring adapted to drive said lever, means to tension said spring, means to hold said spring releasably under tension, means to release the springs of both said motor units simultaneously, a brake shoe mounted on each of the levers oi! both motor units adapted to contact said flywheel at the end of the movements of both motor units to stop their motion without rebound, means in one of said units adapted, upon release of its spring, to open after a predetermined time lag said normally closed assembly, means in the other of said units adapted, upon release of its spring, to close after another predetermined but longer time lag said normally open assembly, and

means to adjust the time lag of at least one of,

said motor units.

ALFRED SIMMON. LOUIS L. WEISGLASS.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS 

